Pediatric Cataracts

Although cataracts are very common in adults — cataract surgery is one of the most commonly performed operations in the United States — cataracts in newborns and children are relatively rare and require specialized care.

Cataracts form when the naturally clear lens within the eye becomes cloudy. Vision can be minimally to severely affected by the opacity depending upon the size, density and location of the opacities within the crystalline lens.

The concern is given to the newborn with what is commonly termed ‘congenital cataract’. This lens opacification which can affect one or both eyes is not necessarily hereditary although at times there is a family history of this disorder. Occasionally, congenital cataracts may be a manifestation of more significant eye disease or systemic metabolic disorders. The pediatric ophthalmologist will be able to determine whether or not further testing is required after examining a child with cataracts.

During the very early weeks of life there is an enormous amount of maturation of the nervous system and visual pathways. If the eyes are not appropriately stimulated the visual processing systems in the brain will not develop. Once the critical period has passed, development of “normal” vision may not be possible. Children with significant congenital cataracts are usually recommended to undergo surgery before the age of six weeks.